Serine/threonine protein kinase Sgk1, also known as serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1, is an enzyme encoded by the SGK1 gene in humans. SGK1 belongs to the serine/threonine kinase subfamily and is under acute transcriptional control by a variety of stimuli including serum and glucocorticoids. This kinase is activated by insulin and growth factors through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase PDK1 and mammalian rapamycin mTORC2 targets. In the past few years, there has been increasing evidence that SGK1 expression is regulated in discrete developmental stages and pathological conditions (such as hypertension, diabetic neuropathy, ischemia, trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases).
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are the main cause of dementia in elderly patients, and these diseases still lack effective treatments. According to reports, inhibiting certain enzymes related to abnormal gene transcription can restore Alzheimer’s-related memory loss. This discovery offers hope for the development of new treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. The top-ranked gene is SGK1, which encodes serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1, and SGK1 is also significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The researchers gave mice a specific inhibitor of SGK1 and observed that the level of hyperphosphorylated tau protein was significantly reduced, the function of glutamatergic synapses in the prefrontal cortex was restored, and the memory impairment of AD mice was also improved. [1]
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